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The Episcopate and the Parting of the Ways: A Social Identity Perspective on the Emergence of Christian Identity
University College Stockholm, Department of Religious Studies and Theology. (Biblical Studies)ORCID iD: 0000-0001-9544-9908
2025 (English)Doctoral thesis, monograph (Other academic)Alternative title
Episkopatet och skilsmässan mellan kyrka och synagoga : Social identitet och framväxande kristen identitet (Swedish)
Abstract [en]

In this dissertation, the use of the term ἐπίσκοπος and its cognates in Christ-group literature between 60 and 180 CE is analysed. Categories from Social Identity theory relating to leadership – such as prototypicality, identity entrepreneurship, identity impresarioship, and identity advancement – indicate that the emerging episcopal office in the Christ groups played a significant role in the development of a distinct Christian identity. Important Christ-group texts from the New Testament (Philippians, Acts, 1 Peter, and the Pastoral Epistles) and non-canonical writings (Didache, The Shepherd of Hermas, 1 Clement, the Ignatian letters, and Irenaeus’s Against Heresies, book three) are examined. All these texts highlight the need for prototypical leadership, meaning leadership that exemplifies ingroup norms. The ἐπίσκοπος embodies a developing specific Christian identity. The texts also develop the ingroup prototype as an act of entrepreneurship, in ways that exclude certain traits, such as halakah adherence (except for the Didache). Additionally, the ἐπίσκοποςis viewed as a continuation of the mission of Jesus and the apostles from Acts to Irenaeus, and as a representation of the heavenly realm (Ignatius), so that Christian identity is embedded within the episcopal structure (an example of impresarioship). This suggests that the emerging episcopal office widened the gap between Christ groups and synagogues, withonly the rare exception of the episcopal role in the composite text of Didache.

Abstract [sv]

I denna avhandling analyseras användningen av termen ἐπίσκοπος och besläktade termer i kristnatexter mellan 60 och 180 e.v.t. Kategorier från social identitetsteori relaterade till ledarskap – såsom prototypikalitet, identitetsentreprenörskap, identitetsproduktion och identitetsfrämjande – indikerar att det framväxande biskopsämbetet inom de kristna grupperna spelade en betydande roll i utvecklingen av en specifikt kristen identitet. Viktiga texter från Nya testamentet (Filipperbrevet, Apostlagärningarna, 1 Petrusbrevet och Pastoralbreven) och icke-kanoniska skrifter (Didache, Hermas Herden, 1 Klemensbrevet, Ignatiusbreven och Irenaeus Mot Heresierna, bok tre) undersöks. Alla dessa texter framhäver behovet av prototypiskt ledarskap, vilket betyder ledarskap som förkroppsligar gruppens normer. Texterna utvecklar också gruppens idealsom ett exempel på entreprenörskap: Vissa drag, såsom efterlevnad av halakha (förutom Didache), utesluts som uttryck för kristet liv. Dessutom ses det framväxande episkopatet, från Apostlagärningarna till Irenaeus, som en fortsättning på Jesus och apostlarnas uppdrag, och som en representation av det himmelska riket (Ignatius), så att kristen identitet är inbäddad i den episkopala strukturen (ett exempel på identitetsproduktion). Detta tyder på att det framväxande biskopsämbetet vidgade klyftan mellan kristna grupper och synagogor, med endast det enskilda undantaget  Didache.

Place, publisher, year, edition, pages
Stockholm: Enskilda Högskolan Stockholm , 2025. , p. 452
Series
Dissertationes Theologicae Holmienses ; 11
Keywords [en]
Parting of the Ways, Synagogue, Episcopacy, Apostolic Fathers, Pauline Studies, Early Christianity
National Category
Religious Studies
Research subject
Biblical Studies, New testament
Identifiers
URN: urn:nbn:se:ths:diva-2895ISBN: 978-91-88906-30-4 (print)OAI: oai:DiVA.org:ths-2895DiVA, id: diva2:2002945
Public defence
2025-11-06, Enskilda Högskolan, sal 219-220, Åkeshovsvägen 29, Bromma, 13:00 (English)
Opponent
Supervisors
Available from: 2025-10-02 Created: 2025-10-02 Last updated: 2025-10-24Bibliographically approved

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